Mac

Reset Lost password

First up, you need to reboot your computer while holding the Command and the R keys down. Hold your Mac’s power button down for about six seconds, and it will turn off. Wait a couple of seconds more, and then hold down Command-R on your keyboard while pressing the power button again to turn the machine on. Keep holding the Command-R combination until you see the little spinning circle just below the Apple logo on the boot up screen.

Once your Mac boots, you’ll see a window with various options. Use your mouse to select Terminal from the Utilities menu, and Terminal will launch. Type in

resetpassword

and you’ll get a dialog box that will let you do just that. Choose the user you want to change the password for, and type in the new password twice. Hit OK, close the reset password window, and reboot your Mac.

Show Hidden Files in finder

defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles TRUE
killall Finder
 
To set it back (that .DS_Store on the Desktop is hella irritating), execute those same commands, but just switch that TRUE to FALSE

Useful OX 10 Shortcuts

Task	Key Command
Open the Force Quit window	Command-Option-Escape
Cycle through active applications in the Dock	Command-Tab
Cancel operation	Command-.
Open Mac Help	Command-?
Go back in the finder view to the previous item	Command-[
Go to folder	Command-~
Select all	Command-A
Hide Finders toolbar	Command-B
Copy	Command-C
Duplicate; creates a duplicate copy of a selected items.	Command-D
Turn Dock hiding on/off	Command-Option-D
Move item to trash	Command-Delete
Empty Trash	Shift-Option-Delete
Eject the selected disk image, CD, etc.	Command-E
Find	Command-F
Hide application	Command-H
Show info	Command-I
Show view options in the Finder.	Command-J
Connect to Server	Command-K
Make alias	Command-L
Minimize window	Command-M
Minimize all open windows for an application	Command-Option-M
Open a new Finder window	Command-N
Create a new folder	Command-Shift-N
Open file or folder	Command-O
Print file	Command-P
Quit application	Command-Q
Show original	Command-R
Add to Favorites	Command-T
Paste	Command-V
Close window	Command-W
Close all windows	Command-Option-W
Cut	Command-X
Redo	Command-Shift-Z
Go to Applications view in the Finder	Command-Option-A
Go to Computer view in the Finder	Command-Option-C
Go to Favorites view in the Finder	Command-Option-F
Go to Home view in the Finder	Command-Option-H
Go to iDisk view in Finder	Command-Option-I
Take a screenshot of the entire display	Command-Shift-3
Make and capture a rectangular selection of the display	Command-Shift-4

Mac Terminal Commands only

ls -lah | pbcopy
will copy the output to the clipboard
screencapture
say "hello"
will speak hello
say -f filetoread.txt
will read contents of text file
say -f filetoread.txt -o audiofile.aiff
will output to an audio file
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool TRUE
Show . files in finder
defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool TRUE
Display Unix path in Finder Windows
defaults write com.apple.screencapture type PNG
Modify Screen caputre type formats are PNG, BMP, GIF, JPED, PICT, PSD, SGI, TGA, TIFF
defaults write com.apple.screencaputre location "Users/robert/Desktop"
Modify screen capture location

Grep: searching with regular expressions

Grep Options (exmple: grep -Rl filename // will return filenames only
-i Case insensitive
-w Whole words
-v lines that don't match
-c return count
-n add line nunbers with search
-R search Directories Recursively
-Rl return only filenames
-RL Filename that do not match
--color=auto searchcriteria
ps aux | grep Applications // will return all running applicatiosn

Use Single User Mode to Solve Issues

Shutdown the Mac, wait 15 seconds

Hold down the Command and S Key While pressing the power button to start the mac.

At the Terminal prompt type,

fsck -yf

//filessytem check -y means asnswer yes to any questions  f means force

type reboot when finished

Apache, PHP, MySql setup on Mac

Check Apache Version: httpd -v

Check php Version: php -v

sudo apachectl start

sudo apachectl stop

sudo apachectl restart

Change directory where apache serves from

cd /etc/apache2/users

create a conf file, name it the log on user name

username.conf

<Directory "/Users/robert/Sites/">
Options Indexes MultiViews
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>

Save file
change permissions : sudo chmod 644 filename.conf
sudo apachectl restart
Upgrade Php to latest version

http://php-osx.liip.ch/

Edit PHP.ini to fix time zone; you have to modify two places

/usr/local/php5/lib/php.ini

/usr/local/php5/php.d

99-liip-developer.ini

Install MYSql

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql

dmg, 64 bit version

Add the mysql dir to your path

nano .bashrc ; add line below

export PATH="/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH"

set mysql password

mysqladmin -u root password

To change the password

mysqladmin -u root -p password

Restarting Apache in OSX

 Open Terminal, you have to have root access

type command;  apachectl restart

Turning on Root access in OSX

 Go to the Terminal:

Enter

sudo passwd root

and follow instructions

Mac OX 10 Directory Structure

File or Folder           Description

/.DS_Store - Contains Finder settings for the current directory. This folder is generated for any directory viewed in Finder.

/.Spotlight‐V100 - Contains Spotlight‐specific metadata

/.Trashes - Contains files that have been dragged to the Trash

/.com.apple.timemachine.supported - Indicates that a drive can be used by Time Machine as a backup target

/.fseventsd - Used by the FSEvents API

/.hotfiles.btree - A B‐Tree index that provides fast access to frequently used files

/Applications - Holds all Mac OS X applications

/bin - Contains essential system binaries

/Desktop DB - Contains housekeeping information used by Finder

/Desktop DF - See /Desktop DB

/dev - Contains device‐specific files

/Developer - Contains Apple's XCode tools and documentation (but only if you've installed them)

/etc - Contains system configuration files. This is a symbolic link to /private/etc.

/home - Used by the automounter for NFS‐mounted home directories

/Installer Log File - Used by some third‐party installers

/Library - Contains support files for locally installed applications

/lost+found - Stores orphaned files discovered by fsck

/mach_kernel - Contains the Darwin kernel

/mach_kernel.ctfsys - Contains an alternate copy of the kernel (used by dtrace)

/net - Used by the automounter for NFS‐mounted directories

/Network - Contains network‐mounted Application, Library, and User folders

/opt - Contains the MacPorts installation (if installed)

/private - Contains the tmp, var, etc, and cores directories

/sbin - Contains executables for system administration and configuration

/sw - Contains the Fink installation (if installed)

/System - Contains various folders, the most important of which is Library, which holds support files for the system and system applications

/tmp - Holds temporary files. A symbolic link to /private/tmp.

/User Guides and Information - An alias to /Library/Documentation User Guides and Information

/Users - Contains home directories for users on the system (root user's home is /var/root)

/usr - Contains BSD UNIX applications and support files

/var - Contains frequently modified files, such as log files. Symbolic link to /private/var.

/Volumes - Contains all visible mounted file systems, including removable media and mounted disk images

Finding Php.ini File in OsX

The Php.ini is not necessary in OSX but if it exists it would be in the /Private/etc dir

Well Known Mac OS X Ports

TCP Port Numbers Commonly Used by Macintosh Services

Port	Usage	Reference	Notes
20	FTP Data	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc959.txt RFC 959	Only used as a source port
21	FTP Control	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc959.txt RFC 959</a>
22	SSH (secure shell remote login)	http://www.free.lp.se/fish/rfc.txt SSH RFC</a>
23	Telnet	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc854.txt RFC 854</a>	Common port for attacks
25	SMTP (email)	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc821.txt RFC 821, 822</a>
53	DNS	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt RFC 1034, 1035</a>	Mainly uses UDP, not TCP
70	Gopher	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1436.txt RFC 1436</a>
79	Finger	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1288.txt RFC 1288</a>
80	HTTP (Web)	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1945.txt RFC 1945</a>
88	Kerberos	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1510.txt RFC 1510</a>
105	PH (directory)
106	Poppass (change password)	http://www.con.wesleyan.edu/%7Etriemer/network/poppassd/poppassd_tcp.html Wesleyan tech note</a>
110	POP3 (email)	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1081.txt RFC 1081, 1082</a>
111	Remote Procedure Call (RPC)	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1057.txt RFC 1057</a>	Used for many Unix applications
113	AUTH	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc931.txt RFC 931</a>
115	SFTP	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc913.txt RFC 913</a>
119	NNTP (News)	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc977.txt RFC 977</a>
139	NETBIOS Session	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1001.txt RFCs 1001, 1002</a>
143	IMAP (new email)	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2060.txt RFC 2060</a>
384	ARNS (tunneling)	http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/appletalk/doc/MacUAR.userDoc.html#OTARNS Univ. of Melbourne</a>
387	AURP (tunneling)	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1504.txt RFC 1504</a>
389	LDAP (directory)	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1777.txt RFC 1777, 1778</a>
407	Timbuktu 5.2 or later	http://www.netopia.com/support/technotes/software/tb2mac/TPM_031.html Netopia technote</a>	Previous versions use other ports
427	SLP (service location)	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2165.txt RFC 2165</a>	Only uses TCP for large responses
443	HTTP over SSL (HTTPS)	http://home.netscape.com/eng/ssl3/ssl-toc.html Draft RFC</a>
445	MS Directory Service
465	SMTP over SSL (SSMTP)
497	Retrospect		UDP for finding clients
510	FirstClass server	http://www.softarc.com/ SoftArc.com</a>
515	LPR (printing)	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1179.txt RFC 1179</a>
548	AFP (AppleShare)	http://developer.apple.com/techpubs/macos8/NetworkCommSvcs/AppleShare/appleshare.html AFP 2.2 spec</a>
554	RTSP (QuickTime server)	http://til.info.apple.com/techinfo.nsf/artnum/n60148/ Apple tech note</a>	Also uses UDP 6970+
591	FileMaker Pro Web	http://192.35.50.21/ti/FMPro?-db=ti.fp5&-format=detail.html&-lay=list&product=FileMaker&artnmbr=106123&-max=10&-recid=35670&-find= FileMaker tech note</a>	Recommended alternate to 80
625	Remote Open Directory Proxy (DSProxy)		Unregistered usage, registered to DEC/DLM
626	IMAP Admin		Apple extension in http://www.apple.com/appleshareip/ ASIP 6</a>
631	IPP (Internet Printing Protocol)	http://www.pwg.org/ipp/ RFCs 2565-2569</a>	Available in Mac OS X 10.2 through http://www.cups.org/ CUPS</a>
636	LDAP over TLS/SSL (LDAPS)	http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2246.html RFC 2246</a>
660	ASIP Remote Admin		http://www.apple.com/appleshareip/ ASIP 6.3</a> and later
666	Now Contact Server	http://www.eudora.com/techsupport/kb/184hq.html Eudora tech note</a>	Violates actual port assignment
687	ASIP Shared UG Port	http://til.info.apple.com/techinfo.nsf/artnum/n31042 ASIP Tech note</a>	http://www.apple.com/appleshareip/ ASIP 6.2</a> and later
1080	WebSTAR Admin	http://www.webstar.com/products/webstar/docs/ws4manual.27.html StarNine FAQ</a>	WebSTAR port number plus 1000
1417	Timbuktu Control (pre-5.2)	http://www.netopia.com/support/technotes/software/tb2mac/TPM_031.html Netopia technote</a>	Login is through UDP Port 407
1418	Timbuktu Observe (pre-5.2)	http://www.netopia.com/support/technotes/software/tb2mac/TPM_031.html Netopia technote</a>	Login is through UDP Port 407
1419	Timbuktu Send Files (pre-5.2)	http://www.netopia.com/support/technotes/software/tb2mac/TPM_031.html Netopia technote</a>	Login is through UDP Port 407
1420	Timbuktu Exchange (pre-5.2)	http://www.netopia.com/support/technotes/software/tb2mac/TPM_031.html Netopia technote</a>	Login is through UDP Port 407
1443	WebSTAR/SSL Admin	http://www.webstar.com/products/webstar/docs/ws4manual.27.html StarNine FAQ</a>	WebSTAR port number plus 1000
3031	Program Linking (Apple Events)		Mac OS 9 and later
3659	Apple SASL		Upcoming assignment
4000	Now Public Event Server	http://www.eudora.com/techsupport/kb/184hq.html Eudora tech note</a>
4199	EIMS Admin	http://eudora.qualcomm.com/eims/ EIMS Users Guide</a>
4347	LANsurveyor Responders	http://www.neon.com/LANsurveyor/ls_appnote2.html Neon tech note</a>	Uses UDP also
5003	FileMaker Pro	http://www.filemaker.com/ti/104289.html FileMaker tech note</a>	Direct access, not through Web; UDP for host list
5190	AOL Instant Messenger	http://www.aol.com/aim/help.html AOL tech note</a>
5498	Hotline Tracker	http://www.hotlinesw.com/support/faq/firewalls.shtml Hotline tech note</a>	UDP port 5499 for finding servers
5500	Hotline Server	http://www.hotlinesw.com/support/faq/firewalls.shtml Hotline tech note</a>
5501	Hotline Server	http://www.hotlinesw.com/support/faq/firewalls.shtml Hotline tech note</a>
6346	Gnutella	http://www.gnutellanews.com/information/firewalls.shtml Gnutella news item</a>
6699	Napster/Macster client	http://www.napster.com/ Apparent usage</a>	Used when server is in "firewall mode"
7070	Real Player	http://service.real.com/firewall/adminfw.html Real tech note</a>	Also UDP ports 6970-7170
7648	CuSeeMe (video)	http://support.cuseeme.com/cu3win/faq/cufaq010.htm White pine tech note</a>	Client connections; UDP for audio/video
7649	CuSeeMe (video)	http://support.cuseeme.com/cu3win/faq/cufaq010.htm White pine tech note</a>	Connection establishment.
8080	Common HTTP alternate	http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1945.txt RFC 1945</a>
16080	Web Performance Cache
19813	4D server	http://www.acius.com/support/tips99%2D25.html ACI US tech note</a>	Previously 14566 (6.0 and earlier)

UDP Port Numbers Commonly Used by Macintosh Services

<table border="0

Port Usage Reference Notes 53 DNS   Sometimes uses TCP 68 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2131.txt RFC 2131</a> Commonly used to obtain a Mac's IP address 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc783.txt RFC 783</a>   123 Network Time Protocol http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1305.txt RFC 1305</a>   137 Windows Name Service http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1001.txt RFC 1001</a>   138 Windows Datagram Service http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1001.txt RFC 1001</a>   161 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1157.txt RFC 1157</a>   407 Timbuktu http://www.netopia.com/support/technotes/software/tb2mac/TPM_031.html Netopia technote</a> Handshaking only, prior to version 5.2 458 QuickTime TV     497 Retrospect   Finding clients on the network 514 Syslog     554 Real Time Streaming Protocol (QuickTime) http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2326.txt RFC 2326</a>   2049 Network File System (NFS) http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1813.txt RFC 1813</a>   3283 Apple Remote Desktop (formerly known as Network Assistant) http://til.info.apple.com/techinfo.nsf/artnum/n30217 TIL Note</a>   5003 FileMaker Pro http://www.filemaker.com/ti/104289.html FileMaker tech note</a> For obtaining host list 5353 Zeroconf - Rendezvous http://www.zeroconf.org/ Zeroconf</a> Used in Rendezvous 5060 SIP - iChat AV http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3261.html RFC 3261</a>,http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3262.html RFC 3262</a>,http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3263.html RFC 3263</a>,http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3264.html RFC 3264</a>,http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3265.html RFC 3265</a> Used in iChat AV 6970 and up QuickTime and RealPlayer http://til.info.apple.com/techinfo.nsf/artnum/n60148 TIL Note</a>   7070 RTSP alternate (RealPlayer) http://service.real.com/firewall/adminfw.html Support Note</a>